Growth but with fluctuations (systematic connection between increased portfolio flows and the incidence of financial crises).

• Growth but with fluctuations (systematic connection between increased portfolio flows and the incidence of financial crises).

• • Poverty reduction via growth.

• Stimulate too much bank lending, excessive investment and speculative activities.

• This could lead to goods price inflation, asset market bubbles and potential vulnerabilities in bank balance sheets.

• The vulnerability is not limited to banks: sudden stops or reversals can cause currency crisis, the bursting of asset market bubbles, investment collapse, banking sector and economic difficulties.